Introduction to Niclosamide and Niclosamide-olamine
    Niclosamide is a highly effective active ingredient used to control the golden apple snail (Pomacea canaliculata) and is widely applied in Vietnamese agriculture. Niclosamide-olamine, the salt form of Niclosamide, offers better water solubility and easier handling during formulation.

     Important Conversion Factor
According to FAO standards, the niclosamide content in technical materials is as follows:

• Niclosamide (TC): minimum 960 g/kg
• Niclosamide-olamine (TK): 800 g niclosamide/kg, equivalent to 949 g niclosamide-olamine/kg

     This means that 1 kg of Niclosamide-olamine contains approximately 0.843 kg of Niclosamide (800/949). This conversion factor must be accurately calculated when switching between raw material forms to ensure the active ingredient content meets registration requirements.

     Challenges in Niclosamide Formulation
     Formulating Niclosamide-olamine products faces three key technical challenges:

• • Precipitation in hard water: Niclosamide-olamine tends to precipitate when diluted in high-hardness water (standard hard water D according to TCVN 8050:2016), which reduces spraying efficiency, as suspensibility is often low and difficult to meet the minimum requirement of 60% as specified by regulations.
  • Color change: When unsuitable adjuvants are used, in addition to precipitation issues, the product also undergoes rapid color change.
  • Suspensibility: Maintaining suspensibility above 80%, minimizing sedimentation and phase separation, and ensuring a homogeneous spray solution over an extended period to optimize spraying performance remains a major challenge from an adjuvant perspective.

     Optimized Solution for WP (Wettable Powder)
   Tergos® 9014 and Tergos® 9018 EXP are two specialized adjuvants developed to fully address the above challenges:

✓ Rapid wetting: Enables the powder to disperse evenly immediately upon contact with water
✓ High suspensibility: Maintains >95% over an extended period (when using Tergos® 9018 EXP at 6% in a Niclosamide 700 g/kg WP formulation)
✓ Cost optimization: No need to combine with additional surfactants
✓ Color stability: Keeps the product color stable throughout the storage period

     Expanding into Advanced Formulations
   Although Niclosamide and Niclosamide-olamine are primarily registered in WP form, the market is shifting toward modern formulations such as SC (suspension concentrate), EC (emulsifiable concentrate), and WDG (water dispersible granules). These provide greater convenience and effectiveness for farmers.

   Amigos is proud to offer a complete portfolio of additive solutions for all potential Niclosamide formulations, enabling manufacturers to diversify product lines and capture new market opportunities.

     Comparison of Niclosamide Additive Solutions

     Conclusion
     With a comprehensive range of Tergos® and Ericol™ additive solutions, crop protection manufacturers can:

• • Completely resolve formulation challenges in Niclosamide production
  • Optimize production costs
  • Expand product portfolios with multiple formulation types
  • Enhance product quality and competitiveness in the market

For detailed consultation on formulations and trial samples, please contact our technical team.